What is slipped disc / herniated disc / Disc Prolapse?

The discs are protective shock-absorbing pads between the bones of the spine.  a disc may split or rupture. This allowing the gel to escape into the surrounding tissue.  and place pressure on the spinal cord or on a single nerve fiber and cause pain either around the damaged disc or anywhere along the area controlled by that nerve. This condition  also known as a herniated, ruptured, prolapsed, or, more commonly, slipped disc.

The most  frequently affected area is the low back and the neck. . A lumbar herniated disk usually causes leg pain (sciatica or a radiculopathy) and is often referred to as a pinched nerve, bulging disk, ruptured disk, or a slipped disk.

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What happens with a slipped/herniated discs?

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As the spinal disc becomes less elastic, it can rupture. and a portion of the spinal disc pushes outside its normal boundary--this is called a herniated disc. When a herniated disc bulges out from between the vertebrae, the spinal nerves and spinal cord can become pinched. There is normally a little extra space around the spinal cord and spinal nerves, but if enough of the herniated disc is pushed out of place, then these structures may be compressed.

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What causes symptoms of a slipped disc?

When the herniated disc ruptures and pushes out, the nerves may become pinched. A herniated disc may occur suddenly in an event such as a fall or an accident, or may occur gradually with repetitive straining of the spine. 

 Causes of Slipped Disc
 Aging with associated degeneration ; improper lifting,  accompanied by twisting or turning; and excessive strain. trauma.

 

How is the diagnosis of a herniated disc made?

Diagnosis of Slipped disc is done complete medical history and physical examination, and investigations. 

History - This history should include other illnesses, prior spine problems, any injuries, duration and type of symptoms, and response to treatments.  spine examination, testing of basic nerve functions, an abdominal examination, and a general screening.   laboratory tests of blood and urine. Plain x-rays, MRI or myelogram

Physical examination. By testing sensation, muscle strength, and reflexes, 

During the physical exam,  sit, stand, and walk.  assess the flexibility of  spine, any areas of pain or tenderness, and any muscle or nerve problems that typically occur with a herniated disc.

 

Treatments of a herniated disc begin conservatively, and become more aggressive if the symptoms persist.