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Headaches & Facial Pain
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Headache and facial pain are common symptoms that can significantly impact daily life, often arising from diverse causes affecting the head, neck, or face.
Headache
Facial Pain
Headache
A headache is a common condition characterized by pain or discomfort in the head or neck region.
Headaches are classified into two main categories: primary headaches, which occur independently, and secondary headaches, caused by underlying medical conditions.
Primary headaches include tension headaches, the most frequent type marked by dull, bilateral pain; migraines, severe headaches often accompanied by nausea, light sensitivity, and aura; and cluster headaches, intense pain typically around one eye in recurring bouts.
Secondary headaches can arise from sinus infections (sinus headaches), medication overuse (rebound headaches), head injuries, or serious conditions like meningitis or brain tumours.
Common Types of Headaches
Three primary types of headaches commonly impact daily life due to their frequency and disabling nature: tension-type headaches, migraines, and cluster headaches. Tension-type headaches are the most prevalent, characterized by a dull, persistent ache often described as a tight band around the head, frequently triggered by stress or muscle tension. Migraines are more severe, presenting as throbbing pain often on one side of the head, accompanied by symptoms like nausea, light sensitivity, and sometimes aura. Cluster headaches are the most intense, involving excruciating pain around one eye, occurring in repeated episodes or clusters, disrupting daily activities significantly.
Cervicogenic headache is a secondary headache originating from issues in the cervical spine or neck, often causing referred pain to the head.
Facial Pain
Facial pain refers to discomfort or pain experienced in any part of the face, including the eyes, nose, and jaw. It can result from various causes, such as nerve disorders, infections, injuries, or underlying medical conditions.
Common Causes of Chronic Facial Pain
Chronic facial pain can stem from various conditions, often affecting quality of life. Common causes include trigeminal neuralgia, a nerve disorder causing sharp, recurring pain, and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders, which result in persistent jaw and facial discomfort. Chronic sinusitis and untreated dental issues like abscesses or gum disease can also lead to ongoing facial pain. Neuropathic pain from nerve damage, migraine or cluster headaches, and conditions like fibromyalgia may radiate to the face. Additionally, atypical facial pain with no clear structural cause and post-traumatic pain from injuries or surgeries can contribute to chronic discomfort, sometimes exacerbated by stress or psychological factors.
Glossopharyngeal neuralgia is a rare condition characterized by sudden, severe, and recurrent pain in the areas supplied by the glossopharyngeal nerve, including the throat, back of the tongue, tonsils, and ear. The pain is often triggered by activities like swallowing, speaking, coughing, or chewing and may last for seconds to minutes.